Volume 21 - Article 30 | Pages 885–914
Diverging trends in female old-age mortality: A reappraisal
References
Bongaarts, J. (2006). How long will we live? Population and Development Review 32(4): 605-628.
Brønnum-Hansen, H. and Juel, K. (2000). Estimating mortality due to cigarette smoking: Two methods, same result. Epidemiology 11(4): 422-426.
Doll, R., Peto, R., Boreham, J., and Sutherland, I. (2004). Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. British Medical Journal 328(7455): 1519-1528.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2006). FAO Statistical yearbook 2005-2006, Vol. 2-1. Rome: FAO.
Forey, B., Hamling, J., Lee, P., and Wald, N. (2002). International smoking statistics: A collection of historical data from 30 economically developed countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press (2nd edition).
Gage, T.B. (1994). Population variation in cause of death: Level, gender, and period effects. Demography 31(2): 271-296.
Gage, T.B. (1993). The decline of mortality in England and Wales 1861 to 1964: Decomposition by cause of death and component of mortality. Population Studies 47(1): 47-66.
Human Mortality Database (2008). The Human Mortality Database [electronic resource]. Berkley: University of California and Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research.
Janssen, F. and Kunst, A.E. (2004). ICD coding changes and discontinuities in trends in cause-specific mortality in six European countries, 1950-99. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 82(12): 904-913.
Janssen, F., Kunst, A.E., and Mackenbach, J. (2007). Variations in the pace of old-age mortality decline in seven European countries, 1950–1999: The role of smoking and other factors earlier in life. European Journal of Population 23(2): 171-188.
Law, M. and Wald, N. (1999). Why heart disease mortality is low in France: The time lag explanation. British Medical Journal 318(7196): 1471-1480.
Lopez, A.D., Collishaw, N.E., and Piha, T. (1994). A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tobacco Control 3(3): 242-247.
McGinnis, J.M. and Foege, W.H. (1993). Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association 270(18): 2207-2012.
McMichael, A.J., McKee, M., Shkolnikov, V., and Valkonen, T. (2004). Mortality trends and setbacks: Global convergence or divergence? The Lancet 363(9415): 1155-1159.
Meslé, F. (1999). Classifying causes of death according to an aetiological axis. Population Studies 53(1): 97 - 105.
Meslé, F. (2004). Mortality in Central and Eastern Europe: Long-term trends and recent upturns. Demographic Research SC2(3): 45-70.
Meslé, F. and Vallin, J. (2006). Diverging trends in female old-age mortality: The United States and the Netherlands versus France and Japan. Population and Development Review 32(1): 123-145.
Meslé, F. and Vallin, J. (1996). Reconstructing long-term series of causes of death: The case of France. Historical methods 29(2): 72-87.
Meslé, F., Vallin, J., and Andreyev, Z. (2002). Mortality in Europe: The divergence between East and West. Population-E 57(1): 157-197.
Mokdad, A.H., Marks, J.S., Stroup, D.F., and Gerberding, J.L. (2004). Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. Journal of the American Medical Association 291(10): 1238-1245.
Moser, K., Shkolnikov, V., and Leon, D.A. (2005). World mortality 1950-2000: Divergence replaces convergence from the late 1980s. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83(3): 202-209.
National Cancer Institute (1997). Changes in cigarette related disease risks and their implications for prevention and control. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (Monograph No. 8. NIH Pub. 97-4213).
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008). OECD health data 2008: Statistics and indicators for 30 countries [electronic resource]. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pampel, F.C. (2002). Cigarette use and the narrowing sex differential in mortality. Population and Development Review 28(1): 77-104.
Pampel, F.C. (2003). Declining sex differences in mortality from lung cancer in high-income nations. Demography 40(1): 45-65.
Pampel, F.C. (2005). Forecasting sex differences in mortality in high income nations: The contribution of smoking. Demographic Research 13(18): 455-484.
Peto, R., Boreham, J., Lopez, A.D., Thun, M.J., and Heath, C.W. (1992). Mortality from tobacco in developed countries: Indirect estimation from national vital statistics. The Lancet 339(8804): 1268-1278.
Peto, R., Lopez, A.D., Boreham, J., and Thun, M.J. (2006). Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950-2000 (2nd edition) [electronic resource].
Peto, R., Lopez, A.D., Boreham, J., Thun, M.J., and Heath, C.W. (1996). Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950-2000: Indirect estimates from national vital statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
PN Lee Statistics & Computing Ltd (2007). International Mortality and Smoking Statistics Database [electronic resource].
Preston, S.H. (1976). Mortality patterns in national populations: With special reference to recorded causes of death. New York: Academic Press.
Preston, S.H. and Wang, H. (2006). Sex mortality differences in the United States: The role of cohort smoking patterns. Demography 43(4): 631-646.
Rau, R., Soroko, E., Jasilionis, D., and Vaupel, J.W. (2008). Continued reductions in mortality at advanced ages. Population and Development Review 34(4): 747-768.
Ravenholt, R.T. (1990). Tobacco's global death march. Population and Development Review 16(2): 213-240.
Retherford, R.D. (1975). The changing sex differential in mortality. Westport, CT and London, England: Greenwood Press (Studies in population and urban demography, no. 1).
Stuckler, D., King, L., and McKee, M. (2009). Mass privatisation and the post-communist mortality crisis: A cross-national analysis. The Lancet 373(9661): 399-407.
Thun, M.J., Day-Lally, C.A., Calle, E.E., Flanders, W.D., and Heath, C.W. (1995). Excess mortality among cigarette smokers: Changes in a 20-year interval. American Journal of Public Health 85(9): 1223-1230.
United Nations (1988). Sex differentials in life expectancy and mortality in developed countries: An analysis by age groups and causes of death from recent and historical data. Population Bulletin of the United Nations 25: 65-107.
United Nations (2007). World Population Prospects Population Database: 2006 Revision [electronic resource].
Valkonen, T. and Van Poppel, F. (1997). The contribution of smoking to sex differences in life expectancy: Four Nordic countries and The Netherlands 1970-1989. European Journal of Public Health 7(3): 302-310.
Vallin, J. and Meslé, F. (2004). Convergences and divergences in mortality: A new approach of health transition. Demographic Research SC2(2): 11-44.
Waldron, I. (1986). The contribution of smoking to sex differences in mortality. Public Health Reports 101(2): 163-173.
Waldron, I. (1985). What do we know about causes of sex differences in mortality? A review of the literature. Population Bulletin of the United Nations 18: 59-76.
Wen, C.-P., Tsai, S.P., Chen, C.-J., and Cheng, T.-Y. (2004). The mortality risks of smokers in Taiwan. Part I: Cause-specific mortality. Preventive Medicine 39(3): 528-535.
World Health Organization (2006). World Health Organization Statistical Information System [electronic resource].