Volume 49 - Article 27 | Pages 723–736  

The vanishing advantage of longevity in Nicoya, Costa Rica: A cohort shift

By Luis Rosero-Bixby

Abstract

Background: The Nicoya region in Costa Rica has been identified as one of a handful of hotspots of extreme longevity. The evidence supporting this status comes mostly from observing the 1990 and 2000 decades and cohorts born before 1930.

Objective: To determine how the longevity advantage of older men in Nicoya has progressed in the period 1990 to 2020 and in cohorts born from 1900 to 1950.

Methods: Remaining length of life and adult mortality were estimated using new public administrative records from the electoral system and a Gompertz regression model. A new nationwide survival-time database of 550,000 adult Costa Ricans who were alive at any point during 1990–2020 was put together.

Results: The longevity advantage of Nicoya is disappearing in a trend driven mostly by cohort effects. While Nicoyan males born in 1905 had 33% lower adult mortality rates than other Costa Ricans, those born in 1945 had 10% higher rates. The original geographic hotspot of low elderly mortality, coined the Nicoya blue zone, has decreased to a small area south of the peninsula around the corridor from Hojancha inland to the beach town of Sámara. However, Nicoyans born before 1930 who are still alive continue to show exceptionally high longevity.

Conclusions: Surviving Nicoyan males born before 1930 are exceptional human beings living longer than expected lives. Not so for more recent cohorts. The window of opportunity to meet and study pre-1930 individuals is closing.

Contribution: Hotspots of extreme longevity are probably transient, and their status should be reassessed continuously.

Author's Affiliation

• Luis Rosero-Bixby - Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica EMAIL

Other articles by the same author/authors in Demographic Research

High life expectancy and reversed socioeconomic gradients of elderly people in Mexico and Costa Rica
Volume 38 - Article 3

The declining effect of sibling size on children's education in Costa Rica
Volume 31 - Article 48

Self-Reported Versus Performance-Based Measures of Physical Function: Prognostic Value for Survival
Volume 30 - Article 7

Is Latin America starting to retreat from early and universal childbearing?
Volume 20 - Article 9

Most recent similar articles in Demographic Research

Sample selection bias in adult mortality estimates from mobile phone surveys: Evidence from 25 low- and middle-income countries
Volume 51 - Article 37    | Keywords: adult mortality, data collection, mobile phones, selection bias, sibling survival histories

Using household death questions from surveys to assess adult mortality in periods of health crisis: An application for Peru, 2018–2022
Volume 51 - Article 8    | Keywords: adult mortality, data quality, household surveys, Peru

Assessing the quality of education reporting in Brazilian censuses
Volume 42 - Article 15    | Keywords: adult mortality, Brazil, census data, data quality, developing countries, education misreporting

Adult mortality among second-generation immigrants in France: Results from a nationally representative record linkage study
Volume 40 - Article 54    | Keywords: adult mortality, France, health disparities, immigrants, second generation

Urban–rural disparities in adult mortality in sub-Saharan Africa
Volume 39 - Article 5    | Keywords: adult mortality, orphanhood method, sub-Saharan Africa, urban-rural differences