Volume 49 - Article 25 | Pages 651–692
Early life exposure to cigarette smoking and adult and old-age male mortality: Evidence from linked US full-count census and mortality data
By Jonas Helgertz, John Robert Warren
References
Cigarette Prices Under Tax to be 15c: Retailers Here Plan to Absorb Half of the New State 2-Cent Sales Levy (1939).
Facts about tobacco taxation: Reasons why tobacco products should not be taxed by states (1941). New York, NY.
Kentucky Cigarette Tax (1930).
Minnesota Cigarette Tax Bill Killed (1929, April 15).
Tobacco Tax Upheld (1924).
Abel, E.L. (1980). Smoking during pregnancy: A review of effects on growth and development of offspring. Human Biology : 593–625.
Abramitzky, R., Boustan, L., Eriksson, K., Pérez, S., and Rashid, M. (2020). Census Linking Project: Version 2.0.
Alston, L.J., Dupré, R., and Nonnenmacher, T. (2002). Social reformers and regulation: The prohibition of cigarettes in the United States and Canada. Explorations in Economic History 39(4): 425–445.
Anderson, H.R. and Cook, D.G. (1997). Passive smoking and sudden infant death syndrome: Review of the epidemiological evidence. Thorax 52(11): 1003–1009.
Anthonisen, N.R., Connett, J.E., and Murray, R.P. (2002). Smoking and lung function of Lung Health Study participants after 11 years. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 166(5): 675–679.
Bailey, M., Cole, C., and Massey, C. (2020). Simple strategies for improving inference with linked data: A case study of the 1850–1930 IPUMS linked representative historical samples. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 53(2): 80–93.
Bailey, M.J., Lin, P.Z., Mohammed, A.R.S., Mohnen, P., Murray, J., Zhang, M., and Prettyman, A. (2022). The creation of LIFE-M: The Longitudinal, Intergenerational Family Electronic Micro-Database Project. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History online first .
Banderali, G., Martelli, A., Landi, M., Moretti, F., Betti, F., Radaelli, G., Lassandro, C., and Verduci, E. (2015). Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: A descriptive review. Journal of Translational Medicine 13(327).
Barzel, Y. (1976). An alternative approach to the analysis of taxation. Journal of Political Economy 84(6): 1177–1197.
Bell, F.C. and Miller, M.L. (2005). Life tables for the United States social security area.
Bengtsson, T., Dribe, M., and Helgertz, J. (2020). When did the health gradient emerge? Social class and adult mortality in southern Sweden, 1813–2015. Demography 57(3): 953–977.
Bjartveit, K. and Tverdal, A. (2005). Health consequences of smoking 1–4 cigarettes per day. Tobacco Control 14(5): 315–320.
Brandt, A.M. (2007). The cigarette century: The rise, fall, and deadly persistence of the product that defined America. Basic Books (AZ.
Breen, C.F. and Goldstein, J.R. (2022). Berkeley Unified Numident Mortality Database. Demographic Research 47(5): 111–142.
Breslow, N.E. and Enstrom, J.E. (1974). Geographic correlations between cancer mortality rates and alcohol-tobacco consumption in the United States. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 53(3): 631–639.
Bruin, J.E., Gerstein, H.C., and Holloway, A.C. (2010). Long-term consequences of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure: A critical review. Toxicological Sciences 116(2): 364–374.
Chaloupka, F.J., Cummings, K.M., Morley, C.P., and Horan, J.K. (2002). Tax, price and cigarette smoking: Evidence from the tobacco documents and implications for tobacco company marketing strategies. Tobacco Control 11(suppl 1): 62–72.
Cheng, K.W. and Kenkel, D.S. (2010). US cigarette demand: 1944‒2004. The BE Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy 10(1).
Chicco, D. and Jurman, G. (2020). The advantages of the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) over F1 score and accuracy in binary classification evaluation. BMC Genomics 21(6): 1–13.
Cole, H.M. and Fiore, M.C. (2014). The war against tobacco: 50 years and counting. Jama 311(2): 131–132.
Doherty, S., Grabowski, J., Hoffman, C., Ng, S., and Zelikoff, J. (2009). Early life insult from cigarette smoke may be predictive of chronic diseases later in life. Biomarkers 14(sup1): 97–101.
Drake, P., Driscoll, A.K., and Mathews, T. (2018). Cigarette smoking during pregnancy: United States, 2016. NCHS Data Brief Feb(305): 1–8.
Evans, W.N. and Ringel, J.S. (1999). Can higher cigarette taxes improve birth outcomes? Journal of public Economics 72(1): 135–154.
Feigenbaum, J.J. (2016). A machine learning approach to census record linking.
Feldt, R.H. (1943). The truth about tobacco. The American Mercury September: 272–278.
Friedman, G.D. (1967). Cigarette smoking and geographic variation in coronary heart disease mortality in the United States. Journal of Chronic Diseases 20(10): 769–779.
Gaudet, M.M., Gapstur, S.M., Sun, J., Diver, W.R., Hannan, L.M., and Thun, M.J. (2013). Active smoking and breast cancer risk: Original cohort data and meta-analysis. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 105(8): 515–525.
Gibbs, K., Collaco, J.M., and McGrath-Morrow, S.A. (2016). Impact of tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure on lung development. Chest 149(2): 552–561.
Gilliland, F.D., Berhane, K., McConnell, R., Gauderman, W.J., Vora, H., Rappaport, E.B., Avol, E., and Peters, J.M. (2000). Maternal smoking during pregnancy, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood lung function. Thorax 55(4): 271–276.
Glenn, A.L., Ragno, L., and Liu, J. (2023). Association between postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure controlling for prenatal exposure and conduct problems in children: A systematic review. NeuroToxicology 97: 53–64.
Goldstein, J.R., Alexander, M., Breen, C., González, A.M., Menares, F., Osborne, M., Snyder, M., and Yildirim, U. (2021). CenSoc Mortality File: Version 2.0.
Håberg, S.E., Stigum, H., Nystad, W., and Nafstad, P. (2007). Effects of pre-and postnatal exposure to parental smoking on early childhood respiratory health. American Journal of Epidemiology 166(6): 679–686.
Haenzel, W., Shimkin, M.B., and Miller, H.P. (1956). Tobacco smoking patterns in the United States. Public Health Monograph 45: 1–105.
Halpern-Manners, A., Helgertz, J., Warren, J.R., and Roberts, E. (2020). The effects of education on mortality: Evidence from linked US Census and administrative mortality data. Demography 57(4): 1513–1541.
Harding, R. and Maritz, G. (2012). Maternal and fetal origins of lung disease in adulthood. Paper presented at the Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine.
Hecht, S.S. (2005). Carcinogenicity studies of inhaled cigarette smoke in laboratory animals: old and new. Carcinogenesis 26(9): 1488–1492.
Helgertz, J., Price, J., Wellington, J., Thompson, K.J., Ruggles, S., and Fitch, C.A. (2022). A new strategy for linking US historical censuses: A case study for the IPUMS multigenerational longitudinal panel. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 55(1): 12–29.
Helgertz, J., Ruggles, S., Warren, J.R., Fitch, C.A., Goeken, R., and Hacker, J.D. (2020). IPUMS Multigenerational Longitudinal Panel: Version 1.0 (1.0 ed.).
Hermann, M.F. (1940). Tabakmissbrauch und Lungenkarzinom. Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung 49(1): 57–85.
Herrmann, M., King, K., and Weitzman, M. (2008). Prenatal tobacco smoke and postnatal secondhand smoke exposure and child neurodevelopment. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 20(2): 184–190.
Ion, R. and Bernal, A.L. (2015). Smoking and preterm birth. Reproductive Sciences 22: 918–926.
Jaakkola, J.J. and Gissler, M. (2004). Maternal smoking in pregnancy, fetal development, and childhood asthma. American Journal of Public Health 94(1): 136–140.
Jaddoe, V.W., Troe, E.J.W., Hofman, A., Mackenbach, J.P., Moll, H.A., Steegers, E.A., and Witteman, J.C.M. (2008). Active and passive maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risks of low birthweight and preterm birth: The Generation R Study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 22(2): 162–171.
Kalliola, S., Pelkonen, A.S., Malmberg, L.P., Sarna, S., Hämäläinen, M., Mononen, I., and Mäkelä, M.J. (2013). Maternal smoking affects lung function and airway inflammation in young children with multiple-trigger wheeze. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 131(3): 730–735.
Keeler, T.E., Hu, T.-w., Barnett, P.G., Manning, W.G., and Sung, H.Y. (1996). Do cigarette producers price-discriminate by state? An empirical analysis of local cigarette pricing and taxation. Journal of Health Economics 15(4): 499–512.
Knopik, V.S., Maccani, M.A., Francazio, S., and McGeary, J.E. (2012). The epigenetics of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and effects on child development. Development and Psychopathology 24(4): 1377–1390.
Kotecha, S. (2000). Lung growth: Implications for the newborn infant. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition 82(1): 69–74.
Kramer, M.S. (1987). Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 65(5): 663.
Kyrklund-Blomberg, N.B. and Cnattingius, S. (1998). Preterm birth and maternal smoking: Risks related to gestational age and onset of delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 179(4): 1051–1055.
Lambers, D.S. and Clark, K.E. (1996). The maternal and fetal physiologic effects of nicotine. Paper presented at the Seminars in Perinatology.
Licari, M.J. and Meier, K.J. (1997). Regulatory policy when behavior is addictive: Smoking, cigarette taxes and bootlegging. Political Research Quarterly 50(1): 5–24.
Lien, D.S. and Evans, W.N. (2005). Estimating the impact of large cigarette tax hikes the case of maternal smoking and infant birth weight. Journal of Human Resources 40(2): 373–392.
Lopez, A.D., Collishaw, N.E., and Piha, T. (1994). A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tobacco Control 3(3): 242.
Milmore, B.K. and Conover, A.G. (1956). Tobacco consumption in the United States, 1880 to 1955. Public Health Monograph 45: 107–111.
Nomura, A.M., Wilkens, L.R., Henderson, B.E., Epplein, M., and Kolonel, L.N. (2012). The association of cigarette smoking with gastric cancer: the multiethnic cohort study. Cancer Causes and Control 23: 51–58.
Orzechowski, W. and Walker, R.C. (2014). The tax burden on tobacco. Arlington, VA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Historical compilation 49.
Peto, R., Darby, S., Deo, H., Silcocks, P., Whitley, E., and Doll, R. (2000). Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: Combination of national statistics with two case-control studies. BMJ 321(7257): 323–329.
Pietinalho, A., Pelkonen, A., and Rytilä, P. (2009). Linkage between smoking and asthma. Allergy 64(12): 1722–1727.
Postma, D.S., Bush, A., and Berge, M. (2015). Risk factors and early origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lancet 385(9971): 899–909.
Powell, L.M., Tauras, J.A., and Ross, H. (2005). The importance of peer effects, cigarette prices and tobacco control policies for youth smoking behavior. Journal of Health Economics 24(5): 950–968.
Prevention, CfDCa (2021). Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking [electronic resource].
Rehan, V.K., Asotra, K., and Torday, J.S. (2009). The effects of smoking on the developing lung: Insights from a biologic model for lung development, homeostasis, and repair. Lung 187: 281–289.
Relations, Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental (1964). State-Federal Overlapping in Cigarette Taxes. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, Vol. A-24.
Ringel, J.S. and Evans, W.N. (2001). Cigarette taxes and smoking during pregnancy. American Journal of Public Health 91(11): 1851–1856.
Ruggles, S., Flood, S., Goeken, R., Grover, J., Meyer, E., and Pacas, J. (2019). IPUMS USA: Version 9.0.
Russell, C.S., Taylor, R., and Maddison, R. (1966). Some effects of smoking in pregnancy. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 73(5): 742–746.
Schairer, E. and Schöniger, E. (1944). Lungenkrebs und Tabakverbrauch. Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung 54: 261–269.
Schittny, J.C. (2017). Development of the lung. Cell and Tissue Research 367: 427–444.
Schoenberg, B.S., Bailar III, J.C., and Fraumeni Jr, J.F. (1971). Certain mortality patterns of esophageal cancer in the United States, 1930–67. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 46(1): 63–73.
Sen, A. and Piérard, E. (2011). Estimating the effects of cigarette taxes on birth outcomes. Canadian Public Policy 37(2): 257–276.
Shah, N.R. and Bracken, M.B. (2000). A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies on the association between maternal cigarette smoking and preterm delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 182(2): 465–472.
Simon, D. (2016). Does early life exposure to cigarette smoke permanently harm childhood welfare? Evidence from cigarette tax hikes. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 8(4): 128–159.
Sloan, F.A., Smith, V.K., and Taylor Jr, D.H. (2002). Information, addiction, and ‘bad choices’: Lessons from a century of cigarettes. Economics Letters 77: 147–155.
Smith, G.D., Hart, C., Blane, D., and Hole, D. (2003). Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause-specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study. In: Smith, G.D. (ed.). Health inequalities. Bristol: Bristol University Press: 191–204.
Sullivan, R.S. and Dutkowsky, D.H. (2012). The effect of cigarette taxation on prices: an empirical analysis using local-level data. Public Finance Review 40(6): 687–711.
Sumner, M.T. and Ward, R. (1981). Tax changes and cigarette prices. Journal of Political Economy 89(6): 1261–1265.
Treyster, Z. and Gitterman, B. (2011). Second hand smoke exposure in children: environmental factors, physiological effects, and interventions within pediatrics. Reviews on Environmental Health 26(3): 187–195.
Vanker, A., Gie, R., and Zar, H. (2017). The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 11(8): 661–673.
Venditti, C.C., Casselman, R., and Smith, G.N. (2011). Effects of chronic carbon monoxide exposure on fetal growth and development in mice. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 11: 1–8.
Vlahos, R. and Bozinovski, S. (2018). Modelling COPD co‐morbidities in preclinical models. Respirology 23(12): 1094–1095.
Von Kries, R., Toschke, A.M., Koletzko, B., and Slikker Jr, W. (2002). Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity. American Journal of Epidemiology 156(10): 954–961.
Wellington, J., Harper, R., and Thompson, K.J. (2022). Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota.
Wisborg, K., Henriksen, T.B., Hedegaard, M., and Jergen, N. (1996). Smoking during pregnancy and preterm birth. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 103(8): 800–805.
Yarnell, J. and St Leger, A. (1979). Respiratory illness, maternal smoking habit and lung function in children. British Journal of Diseases of the Chest 73: 230–236.
Zacharasiewicz, A. (2016). Maternal smoking in pregnancy and its influence on childhood asthma. ERJ Open Research 2(3).