Volume 48 - Article 17 | Pages 439–482  

Geographical distance between child and parent after a union dissolution in Sweden, 1974–2011

By Jani Turunen, Maria Brandén, Karin Lundström

Abstract

Background: Divorce is associated with a weakened relationship between the child and the nonresident parent, usually the father. This loss of contact is likely to be even further exacerbated if this parent lives at a substantial distance from the child.

Objective: This paper analyzes how the distance between children and nonresident parents, the year after a parental separation, has changed during a 40-year period in Sweden, and whether this is related to changes in child custody policies.

Methods: We use Swedish population register data that includes exact geographical coordinates for children and their nonresident parents in the year after separation. We analyze how average distance and the likelihood of living very close to, or very far from, a nonresident parent has changed over this period, using OLS and logistic regression models.

Results: Results show a gradual decrease in the distance between children and nonresident parents from the 1970s until the early 1990s, after which the trend stalled at a low level. In 2011, 50% of all children lived within 2 kilometers of their nonresident parent. We find no evidence of direct policy effects, indicated by any sudden changes in distance after the introduction of a new custody policy. High-income parents have changed their post-divorce residential patterns at a faster pace than low-income parents.

Conclusions: Our results indicate a diffusion process where distances between children and nonresident parents gradually decreased until the 1990s.

Contribution: This paper demonstrates that the change has not been directly influenced by custody law reforms promoting dual parent responsibility.

Author's Affiliation

• Jani Turunen - Södertörns högskola, Sweden EMAIL
• Maria Brandén - Linköpings Universitet, Sweden EMAIL
• Karin Lundström - Statistiska centralbyrån (Statistics Sweden), Sweden EMAIL

Other articles by the same author/authors in Demographic Research

Childlessness, sex composition of children, and divorce risks in China
Volume 41 - Article 26

Division of housework and his and her view of housework fairness: A typology of Swedish couples
Volume 36 - Article 16

Family migration in a cross-national perspective: The importance of institutional and cultural context
Volume 36 - Article 10

Domestic gender equality and childbearing in Sweden
Volume 29 - Article 40

Labor-market status, migrant status and first childbearing in Sweden
Volume 27 - Article 25

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