Volume 47 - Article 29 | Pages 919–934  

Gender and educational inequalities in disability-free life expectancy among older adults living in Italian regions

By Margherita Moretti, Cosmo Strozza

Abstract

Background: Italy’s life expectancy at age 65 is one of the highest in Europe, but its disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) is not so high. To understand this diverging pattern of longevity and health it is essential to consider indicators accounting for both mortality and morbidity, and to analyse the gender, social, and geographical inequities characterising them.

Objective: The aim is to quantify the gender, social, and geographical inequalities in DFLE among Italian older adults and analyse the age-specific contribution of mortality and morbidity to those inequalities.

Methods: This study draws on census-linked mortality data and disability prevalence for the years 2012–2014. DFLE at age 65 in Italian regions is computed by gender and educational attainment using the Sullivan method. Age-specific mortality–morbidity contributions to the gender and educational gaps in DFLE are calculated using the stepwise decomposition method.

Results: Although at the national level older women and men share similar DFLE, these estimates hide important geographical and social inequalities. Women’s health disadvantage completely outweighs their life expectancy advantage, resulting in lower DFLE. Educational inequalities in health are far more dramatic than those in mortality and the disadvantage in DFLE accumulates over education and region of residence.

Conclusions: In Italy notable differences in DFLE are found between genders and between educational groups, suggesting the need for better health policies aimed at reducing inequalities.

Contribution: This study provides novel empirical findings on gender, educational, and geographical inequalities in DFLE for Italian older adults and explains how age-specific mortality and morbidity contribute to shaping these inequalities.

Author's Affiliation

• Margherita Moretti - Helsingin Yliopisto (University of Helsinki), Finland EMAIL
• Cosmo Strozza - Syddansk Universitet, Denmark EMAIL

Other articles by the same author/authors in Demographic Research

Uncovering disability-free grandparenthood in Italy between 1998 and 2016 using gender-specific decomposition
Volume 50 - Article 42

Differences in mortality before retirement: The role of living arrangements and marital status in Denmark
Volume 50 - Article 20

Mortality inequalities at retirement age between migrants and non-migrants in Denmark and Sweden
Volume 50 - Article 18

Ageing and diversity: Inequalities in longevity and health in low-mortality countries
Volume 50 - Article 12

Most recent similar articles in Demographic Research

The use of mobile phone surveys for rapid mortality monitoring: A national study in Burkina Faso
Volume 52 - Article 16    | Keywords: age-specific mortality patterns, data quality, Demographic Health Surveys, direct estimation, health and security crises, low-and-middle-income countries, mobile phones, mortality, sample selection, surveys, under-five mortality

Demographic convergence in marriage timing: Intersecting gender and educational expansion
Volume 52 - Article 14    | Keywords: age at marriage, convergence, cross-country, education, gender, union formation

Job creation, job destruction, and fertility in Germany
Volume 52 - Article 13    | Keywords: fertility, gender, Germany, job creation, job destruction, labor market, spatial modelling, unemployment

Gender differences in routine housework among one-person households: A cross-national analysis
Volume 52 - Article 12    | Keywords: cross-national research, gender, housework, unipersonal households

Interrogating the quality and completion of mortality mobile phone interviews conducted in Malawi during COVID-19: An examination of interviewer–respondent interactions
Volume 51 - Article 46    | Keywords: audio-recording, LMICs, Malawi, mobile phone survey, mortality, RaMMPS