Never partnered: A multilevel analysis of lifelong singlehood

Daniela Bellani; Gøsta Esping-Andersen; Lesia Nedoluzhko

doi:10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.4

Volume 37 - Article 4 | Pages 53–100

Never partnered: A multilevel analysis of lifelong singlehood

By Daniela Bellani, Gøsta Esping-Andersen, Lesia Nedoluzhko

Date received:

14 Mar 2016

Date published:

12 Jul 2017

Word count:

8122

Keywords:

educational gradient, gender equity, gender roles, life-long singlehood

DOI:

10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.4

Replicable Material:

demographic-research.37-4 (zip file, 20 MB)
readme.37-4 (text file, 718 Byte)

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Abstract

Background: Lifelong singlehood is a comparatively rare demographic phenomenon, averaging about 5% across the European Union. However, levels of lifelong singlehood vary greatly between countries in Europe. What explains this variation? Our main thesis is that it reflects the prevailing norms regarding gender roles. We hypothesize that in societies that have not adapted to women’s new roles there will be a greater propensity toward lifelong singlehood, especially among highly educated women.

Objective: We analyze the link between levels of gender egalitarianism and the probability of lifelong singlehood, both overall and by educational attainment.

Methods: We apply multilevel modeling to European Social Survey (ESS) and European Values Study (EVS) data collected between 2002 and 2014. We focus on differences in nonpartnering across levels of education. We run separate models for men and women.

Results: In support of our hypothesis, our analysis reveals an inverse U-shaped relationship between levels of gender equity and the likelihood of lifelong singlehood for women. The association is particularly marked for more highly educated women, while it is linear for low-educated men.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that high levels of singlehood are concentrated very much within those societies where traditional gender values have waned but gender egalitarianism remains poorly diffused. Where gender egalitarianism has become normatively dominant, we find higher levels of partnering for better-educated women and for low-educated men.

Contribution: Our study contributes to the limited research on singlehood as well as to the growing body of literature on the demographic consequences of the ongoing revolution in women's roles.