Volume 36 - Article 4 | Pages 111–144
Parents’ time with a partner in a cross-national context: A comparison of the United States, Spain, and France
By Joan García-Román, Sarah Flood, Katie Genadek
References
Aguiar, M. and Hurst, E. (2007). Measuring trends in leisure: The allocation of time over five decades. Quarterly Journal of Economics 122(3): 969‒1006.
Alberdi, I. (1999). La nueva familia española. Madrid: Grupo Santillana de Ediciones, S.A.
Amato, P.R. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and Family 62(4): 1269–1287.
Anxo, D., Mencarini, L., Pailhé, A., Solaz, A., and Flood, L.R. (2011). Gender differences in time use over the life course in France, Italy, Sweden and the US. Feminist Economics 17(3): 159‒195.
Arts, W. and Gelissen, J. (2002). Three worlds of welfare capitalism or more? A state-of-the-art report. Journal of European Social Policy 12(2): 137‒158.
Baizán, P., Domínguez, M., and González, M.J. (2014). Couples bargaining or socio-economic status? European Societies 16(1): 3‒27.
Barnet-Verzat, C., Pailhé, A., and Solaz, A. (2011). Spending time together, the impact of children on couples’ leisure synchronization. Review of Economics of the Household 9(4): 465–486.
Bianchi, S.M. (2011). Family change and time allocation in American families. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 638(1): 21‒44.
Bianchi, S.M., Robinson, J.P., and Milkie, M.A. (2006). Changing the rhythms of American family life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Boeckman, I., Misra, J., and Budig, M. (2015). Cultural and institutional factors shaping mothers’ employment and working hours in postindustrial countries. Social Forces 93(4): 1301‒1333.
Craig, L. and K., Mullan. (2010). Parenthood, gender and work-family time in the United States, Australia, Italy, France, and Denmark. Journal of Marriage and Family 72(5): 1344‒1361.
Craig, L. and Mullan, K. (2013). Parental leisure time: A gender comparison in five countries. Social Politics 20(3): 329‒357.
Daly, K.J. (2001). Deconstructing family time: From ideology to lived experience. Journal of Marriage and Family 63(2): 283–294.
Dew, G. (2009). Has the marital time cost of parenting changed over time? Social Forces 88(2): 519‒541.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1997). Hybrid or unique? The Japanese welfare state between Europe and Americas. Journal of European Social Policy 7(3): 179‒189.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1999). Social foundations of post-industrial economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Esping-Andersen, G., Boertien, D., Bonke, J., and Gracia, P. (2013). Couple specialization in multiple equilibria. European Sociological Review 29(6): 1280‒1294.
Fagnani, J. and Letablier, M.T. (2005). Social rights and care responsibility in the French welfare state. In: Pfau-Effinger, B. and Geissler, B. (eds.). Care and social integration in European societies. Bristol: Policy Press: 135‒152.
Flood, S. and Genadek, K. (2016). Time for each other: Work and family constraints among couples. Journal of Marriage and Family 78(1): 142‒164.
Folbre, N. and Yoon, J. (2007). What is child care? Lessons from time-use surveys of major English-speaking countries. Review of Economics of the Household 5(3): 223‒248.
Freedman, V.A., Stafford, F., Conrad, F., Schwarz, N., and Cornman, J.C. (2012). Assessing time diary quality for older couples: An analysis of the panel study of income dynamics disability and use of time (DUST). Annals of Economics and Statistics 105/106(Supplement): 1‒19.
García-Román, J. (2013). El tiempo con la familia en las parejas de doble ingreso. Un análisis a partir de la Encuesta de Empleo del Tiempo 2009-2010. Estadistica Española 55(182): 259‒282.
García-Román, J. and Cortina, C. (2015). Family time of couples with children: Shortening gender differences in parenting? Review of Economics of the Household 14(4): 921–940.
Genadek, K., Flood, S., and Garcia-Roman, J. (2016). Trends in partner’s shared time in the United States, 1965–2012. Demography 53(6): 1801–1820.
Gershuny, J. (2000). Changing times, work and leisure in postindustrial society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gestel, N. and Sarkisian, N. (2006). Marriage, the good, the bad, and the greedy. Contexts 5(4): 16–21.
Glorieux, I., Minnen, J., and van Tienoven, T. (2011). Partner together time, quality time within the household. Social Indicators Research 101(2): 281–287.
Gracia, P. and Kalmijn, M. (2016). Parents’ family time and work schedules: The split-shift schedule in Spain. Journal of Marriage and Family 78(2): 401–415.
Greenhaus, J. and Beutell, N. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review 10(1): 76–88.
Gutierrez-Domenech, M. (2010). Parental employment and time with children in Spain. Review of Economics of the Household 8(3): 371–391.
Hallberg, D. and Klevmarken, A. (2003). Time for children: A study of parent’s time allocation. Journal of Population Economics 16(2): 205–226.
Hammermesh, D. (2002). Timing togetherness and time windfalls. Journal of Population Economics 15(4): 601–623.
Hays, S. (1996). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Hill, M.S. (1988). Marital stability and spouses’ shared time: A multidisciplinary hypothesis. Journal of Family Issues 9(4): 427–451.
Hofferth, S.L., Flood, S.M., and Sobek, M. (2013). American Time Use Survey Data Extract System: Version 2.4 [Machine-readable database].
Hook, J.L. (2006). Gender inequality in the welfare state: Sex segregation in housework, 1965‒2003. American Journal of Sociology 115(5): 1480‒1523.
Hook, J.L. and Wolfe, C. (2013). Parental involvement and work schedules: Time with children in the United States, Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom. European Sociological Review 29(3): 411‒425.
Huston, T.L. and Vangelisti, A.L. (1995). How parenthood affects marriage. In: Fitzpatrick, M.A. and Vangelisti, A.L. (eds.). Explaining family interactions. Thousand Oaks: Sage: 147–176.
Kalmijn, M. (2010). Racial differences in the effects of parental divorce and separation on children: Generalizing the evidence to a European case. Social Science Research 39(5): 845‒856.
Kalmijn, M. and Bernasco, W. (2001). Joint and separated lifestyles in couple relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family 63(3): 639–654.
Kingston, P.W. and Nock, S.L. (1987). Time together among dual-earner couples. American Sociological Review 52(3): 391–400.
Lapuerta, I., Baizan, P., and Gonzalez, M.J. (2011). Individual and institutional constraints, an analysis of parental leave use and duration in Spain. Population Research Policy Review 30(2): 185–210.
Lesnard, L. and Chenu, A. (2006). Parental Trends and Predictors in France: 1965‒1999. In: Bianchi, S.M., Robinson, J.P., and Milkie, M.A. (eds.). Changing Rhythms of American family life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation: 200‒203.
Lesthaeghe, R. (1995). The second demographic transition in Western countries: An interpretation. In: Oppenheim Mason, K. and Jensen, A.-M. (eds.). Gender and family change in industrialized countries. Oxford: Clarendon Press: 17‒62.
Lewis, J., Knijn, T., Martin, C., and Ostner, I. (2008). Patterns of development in work/family reconciliation policies for France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the UK in the 2000s. Social Politics 15(3): 261‒286.
Mansour, H. and McKinnish, T. (2014). Couples’ time together: complementarities in production versus complementarities in consumption. Journal of Population Economics 27(4): 1127‒1144.
Mattingly, M.J. and Sayer, L.C. (2006). Under pressure: Gender differences in the relationship between free time and feeling rushed. Journal of Marriage and Family 68(1): 205–221.
Mullan, K. and Craig, L. (2009). Harmonising extended measures of parental childcare in the time-diary surveys of four countries: Proximity versus responsibility. Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research 6(1): 48‒72.
O’Connor, J., Orloff, A., and Shaver, S. (1999). States, markets, families: Gender, liberalism and social policy in Australia, Canada, Great Britain and the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pfau-Effinger, B. (1999). Change of family policies in the socio-cultural context of European Societies. Comparative Social Research 18: 135‒159.
Pfau-Effinger, B., Flaquer, L., and Jensen, P.H. (eds.) (2009). Formal and informal work in Europe: The hidden work regime. London & New York: Routledge.
Presser, H.B. (1988). Shift work and child care among young dual-earner American parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family 50(1): 133‒148.
Roeters, A. and Treas, J. (2011). Parental work demands and parent–child, family, and couple leisure in Dutch families: What gives? Journal of Family Issues 32(3): 269‒291.
S.M., Bianchi, L.C., Sayer, Milkie, M., and Robinson, J.P. (2012). Housework: Who did, does or will do it, and how much does it matter? Social Forces 91(1): 55‒63.
Sayer, L.C., Bianchi, S., and Robinson, J. (2004). Are parents investing less in children? Trends in mothers’ and fathers’ time with children. American Journal of Sociology 110(1): 1‒43.
Sayer, L.C. and Gornick, J.C. (2012). Cross-national variation in the influence of employment hours on child care time. European Sociological Review 28(4): 421‒442.
Sevilla, A., Gimenez-Nadal, J.I., and Gershuny, J. (2012). Leisure Inequality in the United States: 1965–2003. Demography 49(3): 939‒964.
Sevilla-Sanz, A., Gimenez-Nadal, J.I., and Fernandez, C. (2010). Gender roles and the division of unpaid work in Spanish households. Feminist Economics 14(4): 137–184.
Strohschein, L. (2005). Parental divorce and child mental health trajectories. Journal of Marriage and Family 67(5): 1286–1300.
Sullivan, O. (1996). Time co-ordination, the domestic division of labour and affective relations: Time use and the enjoyment of activities within couples. Sociology 30(1): 79–100.
Voorspostel, M., Van der Lippe, T., and Gershuny, J. (2009). Trends in free time with a partner: A transformation of intimacy? Social Indicators Research 93(1): 165–169.
Wight, V., Raley, S., and Bianchi, S. (2008). Time for children, one’s spouse and oneself among parents who work nonstandard hours. Social Forces 87(1): 243–271.
Windbank, J. (2001). Dual-earner couples in Britain and France: Gender divisions of domestic labour and parenting work in different welfare states. Work, Employment and Society 15(2): 269–290.
Yu, W.-H. (2015). Placing families in context: Challenges for cross-country family research. Journal of Marriage and Family 77(1): 23–39.