Volume 35 - Article 25 | Pages 711–744
Sequencing the real time of the elderly: Evidence from South Africa
By Erofili Grapsa, Dorrit Posel
References
Abbott, A. and Forrest, J. (1986). Optimal matching methods for historical sequences. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 16(3): 471–494.
Abbott, A. and Tsay, A. (2000). Sequence analysis and optimal matching methods in sociology: Review and prospect. Sociological Methods & Research 29(1): 3–33.
Ardington, C., Case, A., and Hosegood, V. (2007). Labour supply responses to large social transfers: Longitudinal evidence from South Africa. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1(1): 22–48.
Baxter, J. (1997). Gender equality and participation in housework: A cross-national perspective. Comparative Family Studies 28(3): 220–248.
Bengtson, V., Rosenthal, C., and Burton, L. (1990). Families and aging: Diversity and heterogeneity. In: Binstock, R.H. and George, L.K. (eds.). Handbook of aging and the social sciences. San Diego: Academic Press: 263–282.
Bianchi, S.M., Robinson, J.P., and Milkie, M.A. (2006). Changing rhythms of American family life. New York: Russell Sage.
Boudiny, K. (2013). 'Active ageing': From empty rhetoric to effective policy tool. Ageing and Society 33(6): 1077–1098.
Budlender, D., Chonokoane, N., and Mpetsheni, Y. (2001). A survey of time use: How South African women and men spend their time. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, Resource document.
Budlender, D. and Lund, F. (2011). South Africa: A legacy of family disruption. Development and Change 42(4): 925-946.
Case, A. and Menedez, A. (2007). Does money empower the elderly? Evidence from the Agincourt Demographic Surveillance Unit. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35(3): 157–164.
Charmes, J. (2006). A review of empirical evidence on time use in South Africa from UN-sponsored surveys. In: Blackden, C.M. and Wodon, Q. (eds.). Gender, time use, and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC: The World Bank: 39–72.
Costa, D. (1999). A house of her own: Old age assistance and the living arrangements of older nonmarried women. Journal of Public Economics 72(1): 39–59.
Costa, D. (1997). Displacing the family: Union army pensions and elderly living arrangements. Journal of Political Economy 105(2): 1269–1292.
Duflo, E. (2003). Grandmothers and granddaughters: Old age pensions and intrahousehold allocation in South Africa. The World Bank Economic Review 17(1): 1–25.
Edmonds, E., Mammen, K., and Miller, D.L. (2005). Rearranging the family? Income support and elderly living arrangements in a low income country. Journal of Human Resources XL(1): 186–207.
Engelhardt, G., Gruber, J., and Perry, C. (2002). Social security and elderly living arrangements. Cambridge: NBER , NBER Working Paper (8911).
Gabadinho, A., Ritschard, G., Muller, N., and Studer, M. (2011). Analyzing and visualizing state sequences in R with TraMineR. Journal of Statistical Software 40(4): 1–37.
Gauthier, A.H. and Smeeding, T.M. (2003). Time use at older ages: Cross-national differences. Research on Aging 25(3): 247–274.
Gershuny, J. and Sullivan, O. (1998). The sociological uses of time-use diary analysis. European Sociological Review 14(1): 69–85.
Gerstel, N. (2000). The third shift: Gender and care work outside the home. Qualitative Sociology 23(4): 467–483.
Guryan, J., Hurst, E., and Kearney, M.S. (2008). Parental education and parental time with children. Cambridge: NBER , Working Paper (13993).
Halpin, B. and Chan, T.W. (1998). Class careers as sequences: An optimal matching analysis of work-life histories. European Sociological Review 14(2): 111–130.
Hank, K. and Jürges, H. (2007). Gender and the division of household labor in older couples. A European perspective. Journal of Family Issues 28(3): 399–421.
Klasen, S. and Woolard, I. (2009). Surviving unemployment without state support: Unemployment and household formation in South Africa. Journal of African Economies 18(1): 1–51.
Leopold, T. and Skopek, J. (2014). Gender and the division of labor in older couples: How European grandparents share market work and childcare. Social Forces 93(1): 63–91.
Lesnard, L. (2008). Off-scheduling within dual-earner couples: An unequal and negative externality for family time. American Journal of Sociology 114(2): 447–490.
Lesnard, L. (2004). Schedules as sequences: a new method to analyze the use of time based on collective rhythm with an application to the work arrangements of French dual-earner couples. Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research 1(1): 60–84.
Lesnard, L. (2010). Setting cost in optimal matching to uncover contemporaneous socio-temporal patterns. Sociological Methods & Research 38(3): 389–419.
Maechler, M., Rousseeuw, P., Struyf, A., Hubert, M., and Hornik, K. (2014). cluster: Cluster Analysis Basics and Extensions. R package version 1.15.3.
McVicar, D. and Anyadike-Danes, M. (2002). Predicting successful and unsuccessful transitions from school to work by using sequence methods. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) 165(2): 317–334.
Posel, D., Fairburn, J., and Lund, F. (2006). Labour migration and households: A reconsideration of the effects of the social pension on labour supply in South Africa. Economic Modelling 23(4): 836–853.
Ranchhod, V. (2006). The effect of the South African old age pension on labour supply of the elderly. South African Journal of Economics 74(4): 724–744.
Ranchhod, V. and Wittenberg, M. (2016). The social pension and time allocation in poor South African households. In: Besley, T. (ed.). Contemporary issues in development economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan: 91–111.
Rousseeuw, P. and Kaufman, L. (2008). Finding groups in data: An introduction to cluster analysis. New Jersey: Wiley & Sons.
Russell, M. (2003). Understanding black households: The problem. Social Dynamics 29(2): 5–47.
Schatz, E. and Ogunmefun, C. (2007). Caring and contributing: The role of older women in rural South African multi-generational households in the HIV/AIDS era. World Development 35(8): 1390–1403.
Solomon, C.R., Acock, A.C., and Walker, A.J. (2004). Gender ideology and investment in housework. Journal of Family Issues 25(8): 1050–1071.
Statistics South Africa (2013). A survey of time use, 2010. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
Studer, M. and Ritschard, G. (2016). What matters in differences between life trajectories: A comparative review of sequence dissimilarity measures. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 179(2): 481–511.
Szinovacz, M. (2000). Changes in housework after retirement: A panel analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family 62(1): 78–92.
Team, R Core (2014). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Vrotsou, K., Ynnerman, A., and Cooper, M. (2014). Are we what we do? Exploring group behaviour through user-defined event-sequence similarity. Information Visualization 13(3): 232–247.
Walker, A. (2002). A strategy for active ageing. International Social Security Review 55(1): 121–139.
Ward, J. Jr. (1963). Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association 58(301): 236–244.
Wittenberg, M. (2009). Lazy rotten sons? Relatedness, gender and the intra-household allocation of work and leisure in South Africa. Cape Town: University of Cape Town, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit Working Paper (28).