Volume 33 - Article 22 | Pages 611–652  

Does waiting pay off for couples? Partnership duration prior to household formation and union stability

By Christine Schnor

References

Amato, P.R. (1996). Explaining the intergenerational transmission of divorce. Journal of Marriage and the Family 58(2): 628–640.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Andersson, G., Noack, T., Seierstad, A., and Weedon-Fekjær, H. (2006). The demographics of same-sex marriages in Norway and Sweden. Demography 43(1): 79–98.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Asendorpf, J. B. (2008). Living apart together: Alters-und Kohortenabhängigkeit einer heterogenen Lebensform. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 60(4): 749–764.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Becker, G.S. (1991). A treatise on the family (Enlarged Edition). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Download reference:

Becker, G.S., Landes, E.M., and Michael, R.T. (1977). An economic analysis of marital stability. The Journal of Political Economy 85: 1141–1187.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Bennett, N.G., Blanc, A.K., and Bloom, D.E. (1988). Commitment and the modern union: assessing the link between premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital stability. American Sociological Review 53(1): 127–138.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Berrington, A. and Diamond, I. (1999). Marital dissolution among the 1958 british birth cohort: the role of cohabitation. Population Studies 53(1): 19–38.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Blossfeld, H.-P., Golsch, K., and Rohwer, G. (2007). Event history analysis with Stata. New York/London: Taylor and Francis.

Download reference:

Blossfeld, H.-P., Klijzing, E., Pohl, K., and Rohwer, G. (1999). Why do cohabiting couples marry? An example of a causal event history approach to interdependent systems. Quality and Quantity 33: 229–242.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Bracher, M., Santow, G., Morgan, S.P., and Trussell, J. (1993). Marriage dissolution in Australia: models and explanations. Population Studies 47(3): 403–425.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Brien, M.J., Lillard, L.A., and Stern, S. (2006). Cohabitation, marriage, and divorce in a model of match quality. International Economic Review 47(2): 451–494.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Brown, S.L. (2003). Relationship quality dynamics of cohabiting unions. Journal of Family Issues 24(5): 583–601.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Brüderl, J., Diekmann, A., and Engelhardt, H. (1999). Artefakte in der Scheidungsursachenforschung? Eine Erwiderung auf einen Artikel von Yasemin Niephaus. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 51: 744–753.

Download reference:

Brüderl, J., Diekmann, A., and Engelhardt, H. (1997). Erhöht eine Probeehe das Scheidungsrisiko? Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 49: 205–222.

Download reference:

Brüderl, J. and Kalter, F. (2001). The dissolution of marriages: the role of information and marital-specific capital. Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25(4): 403–421.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Carmichael, G.A. (1995). Consensual partnering in the more developed countries. Journal of the Australian Population Association 12(1): 51–86.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Castro-Martín, T., Domínguez-Folgueras, M., and Martín-García, T. (2008). Not truly partnerless: non-coresidential partnerships and retreat from marriage in Spain. Demographic Research 18(16): 443–468.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Cleves, M., Gutierrez, R., Gould, W., and Marchenko, Y. (2008). An introduction to survival analysis using Stata. Texas, College Station: Stata Press.

Download reference:

Dex, S. (1995). The reliability of recall data: a literature review. Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 49: 58–89.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Duncan, S. and Phillips, M. (2011). People who live apart together (LATs): new family form or just a stage? International Review of Sociology 21(3): 513–532.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Engelhardt, H. (2002). Zur Dynamik von Ehescheidungen. Theoretische und empirische Analysen. Berlin: Duncker and Humboldt.

Download reference:

Ermisch, J. and Siedler, T. (2008). Living apart together. In: Brynin, M. and Ermisch, J. (eds.). Changing relationships. New York: Taylor and Francis: 29–43.

Download reference:

Fine, J.P. and Gray, R.J. (1999). A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. Journal of the American Statistical Association 94: 496–509.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Gutierrez, R.G. (2002). Parametric frailty and shared frailty survival models. Stata Journal 2(1): 22–44.

Download reference:

Guzzo, K.B. (2009). Marital intentions and the stability of first cohabitations. Journal of Family Issues 30(2): 179–205.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Hiekel, N., Liefbroer, A.C., and Poortman, A.-R. ((forthcoming)). Marriage and separation risks among German cohabiters: Differences between types of cohabiters. Population Studies .

Weblink:
Download reference:

Hoem, B. and Hoem, J. (1992). The disruption of marital and non-marital unions in contemporary Sweden. In: Trussel, J., Hankinson, R., and Tilton, J. (eds.). Demographic applications of event history analysis. Oxford: Clarendon Press: 61–93.

Download reference:

Hoem, J.M. (1989). Limitations of a heterogeneity technique: selectivity issues in conjugal union disruption at parity zero in contemporary Sweden. Stockholm Research Reports in Demography No. 56.

Download reference:

Huinink, J., Brüderl, J., Nauck, B., Walper, S., Castiglioni, L., and Feldhaus, M. (2010). Panel analysis of intimate relationships and family dynamics (pairfam): conceptual framework and design. Arbeitspapier des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels, No.17.

Download reference:

Jalovaara, M. (2013). Socioeconomic resources and the dissolution of cohabitations and marriages. European Journal of Population 29(2): 167–193.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Klijzing, E. (1992). ‘Weeding’ in the Netherlands: first-union disruption among men and women born between 1928 and 1965. European Sociological Review 8(1): 53–70.

Download reference:

Konietzka, D. and Tatjes, A. (2014). Two steps of union formation: first intimate relationships and first coresidential unions in the life courses of the German Cohorts 1971–1973 and 1981–1983. Journal of Youth Studies 17(8): 1077–1096.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Köppen, K. (2011). Marriage and cohabitation in western Germany and France. Rostock: University of Rostock.

Download reference:

Kreyenfeld, M., Goldstein, J., Walke, R., Trappe, H., and Huinink, J. (2013a). Demographic differences in life course dynamics in eastern and western Germany (DemoDiff). Köln: GESIS Datenarchiv (ZA5684 Datenfile Version 3.0.0).

Weblink:
Download reference:

Kreyenfeld, M., Walke, R., Salzburger, V., C., Schnor., Bastin, S., and Kuhnt, A.-K. (2011). DemoDiff – Wave 1: Supplement to the pairfam data manual. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR Technical Report; 2011–004).

Download reference:

Kreyenfeld, M., Walke, R., Salzburger, V., Lenke, R., Hensel, T., and Mir Mousavi, B. (2013b). DemoDiff supplement to the pairfam data manual (Release 3.0). Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research.

Download reference:

Kulu, H. and Boyle, P.J. (2009). Premarital cohabitation and divorce: support for the ‘trial marriage’ theory? Demographic Research 23(31): 879–904.

Download reference:

Le Bourdais, C., Neill, G., and Vachon, N. (2000). Family disruption in Canada: Impact of the changing patterns of family formation and of female employment. Canadian Studies in Population 27: 85–105.

Download reference:

Lehrer, E.L. (2004). Religion as a determinant of economic and demographic behavior in the United States. Population and Development Review 30: 707–726.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Levin, I. (2004). Living apart together: a new family form. Current Sociology 52(2): 223–240.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Levin, I. and Trost, J. (1999). Living apart together. Community, Work and Family 2(3): 279–294.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Liefbroer, A.C., Poortman, A.R., and Seltzer, J.A. (2015). Why do intimate partners live apart? Evidence on LAT relationships across Europe. Demographic Research 32(8): 251–286.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Lillard, L.A., Brien, M.J., and Waite, L.J. (1995). Premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital dissolution: a matter of self-selection? Demography 32: 437–457.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Liu, G. (2002). How premarital children and childbearing in current marriage influence divorce of Swedish women in their first marriages. Demographic Research 7: 389–406.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Lyngstad, T.H. and Jalovaara, M. (2010). A review of antecedents of union dissolution. Demographic Research 23: 257–292.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Manlove, J., Wildsmith, E., Ikramullah, E., Ryan, S., Holcombe, E., Scott, M., and Peterson, K. (2012). Union transitions following the birth of a child to cohabiting parents. Population Research and Policy Review 31: 361–386.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Manning, W.D. (2001). Childbearing in cohabiting unions: racial and ethnic differences. Family Planning Perspectives 33(5): 217–223.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Murphy, M.J. (1985). Demographic and socio-economic influences on recent british marital breakdown patterns. Population Studies 39(3): 441–460.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Nauck, B., Brüderl, J., Huinink, J., and Walper, S. (2012). Beziehungs- und Familienpanel (pairfam). Köln: GESIS Datenarchiv (ZA5678 Datenfile Version 3.0.0).

Download reference:

Niephaus, Y. (1999). Der Einfluss vorehelichen Zusammenlebens auf die Ehestabilität als methodisches Artefakt? Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 51: 124–139.

Download reference:

Oláh, L.Sz. (2001). Gender and family stability: dissolution of the first parental union in Sweden and Hungary. Demographic Research 4: 29–96.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Oppenheimer, V.K. (1988). A theory of marriage timing. American Journal of Sociology 94: 563–591.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Perelli-Harris, B. and Sánchez Gassen, N.E. (2012). How similar are cohabitation and marriage? The spectrum of legal approaches to cohabitation across Western Europe. Population and Development Review 38: 435–467.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Poortman, A.-R. and Liefbroer, A.C. (2010). Singles’ relational attitudes in a time of individualization. Social Science Research 39: 938–949.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Poortman, A.-R. and Lyngstad, T.H. (2007). Dissolution risks in first and higher order marital and cohabiting unions. Social Science Research 36: 1431–1446.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Raley, R.K. (2001). Increasing fertility in cohabiting unions: Evidence for the second demographic transition in the United States? Demography 38: 59–66.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Régnier-Loilier, A. (2015). Neither single nor in a couple in France: What became of them three and six years later? Analyses of prevalence and determinants of LAT. Families and Societies Working Paper Series 25: 27–52.

Download reference:

Régnier-Loilier, A., Beaujouan, É., and Villeneuve-Gokalp, C. (2009). Neither single, nor in a couple. A study of living apart together in France. Demographic research 21(4): 75–108.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Reimer, M. (2005). Autobiographisches Gedächtnis und retrospektive Datenerhebung: Die Rekonstruktion und Validität von Lebensverläufen. [PhD thesis]. Free University of Berlin and Max Planck Institute for Human Development.

Download reference:

Rindfuss, R.R. and VandenHeuvel, A. (1990). Cohabitation: a precursor to marriage or an alternative to being single? Population and Development Review 16(4): 703–726.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Schneider, N.F. and Rüger, H. (2008). Beziehungserfahrungen und Partnerschaftsverläufe vor der Heirat. Eine empirische Analyse von Angehörigen der Eheschließungskohorte 1999–2005. Zeitschrift für Familienforschung – Journal of Family Research 20(2): 131–156.

Download reference:

Schnor, C. (2012). Trennungsrisiko von Paaren mit Kindern: Der Einfluss der Religion in West-und Ostdeutschland. Zeitschrift für Familienforschung/Sonderheft 9 –Journal of Family Research/Special issue 9: 229–256.

Download reference:

Schnor, C. and Bastin, S. (2014). Partners and babies. Partnership and fertility histories of the German Family Panel (pairfam/DemoDiff, waves 1–3) as an Event History Data Set. pairfam Technical Paper, 3.

Download reference:

Sobotka, T. and Toulemon, L. (2008). Overview chapter 4: changing family and partnership behaviour: common trends and persistent diversity across Europe. Demographic Research Special Collection 7: 85–138.

Download reference:

Steele, F. (2008). Multilevel models for longitudinal data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: series A (Statistics in Society) 171(1): 5–19.

Download reference:

Steele, F., Joshi, H., Kallis, C., and Goldstein, H. (2006). Changing compatibility of cohabitation and childbearing between young British women born in 1958 and 1970. Population Studies 60: 137–152.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Suckow, J. and Schneekloth, U. (2009). Beziehungen und Familienleben in Deutschland: Welle 1. Methodological Report. München: Infratest.

Download reference:

Suckow, J. and Schneekloth, U. (2010). Beziehungen und Familienleben in Deutschland: Welle 2. Methodological Report. München: Infratest.

Download reference:

Suckow, J. and Schneekloth, U. (2011). Beziehungen und Familienleben in Deutschland: Welle 3. Methodological Report. München: Infratest.

Download reference:

Svarer, M. (2004). Is your love in vain? Another look at premarital cohabitation and divorce. Journal of Human Resources 39: 523–535.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Teachman, J.D. (2002). Stability across cohorts in divorce risk factors. Demography 39(2): 331–352.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Teachman, J.D. and Polonko, K.A. (1990). Cohabitation and marital stability in the United States. Social Forces 69(1): 207–220.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Teachman, J.D., Thomas, J., and Paasch, K. (1991). Legal status and the stability of coresidential unions. Demography 28(4): 571–586.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Thomson, E. and Colella, U. (1992). Cohabitation and marital stability – quality or commitment. Journal of Marriage and the Family 54(2): 259–267.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Thornton, A., Axinn, W.G., and Teachman, J.D. (1995). The influence of school enrollment and accumulation on cohabitation and marriage in early adulthood. American Sociological Review : 762–774.

Weblink:
Download reference:

White, L.K. (1990). Determinants of divorce – a review of research in the 80s. Journal of Marriage and the Family 52(4): 904–912.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Williams, R. (2012). Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects. Stata Journal 12: 308–331.

Download reference:

Wu, Z. (1995). The Stability of Cohabiting Relationships: The Role of Children. Journal of Marriage and the Family 57: 231–236.

Weblink:
Download reference:

Back to the article