Volume 31 - Article 51 | Pages 1503–1524  

Divergence without decoupling: Male and female life expectancy usually co-move

By Andrew Noymer, Viola Van

Abstract

Background: Divergence of male and female life expectancy is a well-documented phenomenon. Co-movement is a heretofore-neglected aspect of changes in male and female mortality.

Objective: We develop a new framework for life expectancy sex differentials in time series, using co-movement/anti-movement and convergence/divergence.

Methods: We apply this framework to the Human Mortality Database (HMD), assessing co-movement between male and female life expectancy with the nonparametric test of Goodman and Grunfeld (1961).

Results: For every country in the HMD (except three with short spans of data), male and female mortality statistically co-move. This applies even in cases, including ones such as Russia that are well-discussed in the literature, that show extreme divergence between the sexes. The results are reasonably robust to subsetting with a 25-year time-window for all countries.

Conclusions: Male and female life expectancy co-move even when the life expectancy sex differential increases. The sex divergence in life expectancy needs to be (re-)considered in light of the fact that male and female life expectancy usually co-move, reflecting overall societal factors.

Author’s Affiliation

• Andrew Noymer - University of California, Irvine, United States of America EMAIL
• Viola Van - University of California, Irvine, United States of America EMAIL

Other articles by the same author/authors in Demographic Research

Summertime, and the livin’ is easy: Winter and summer pseudoseasonal life expectancy in the United States
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